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Surviving in a metastable de Sitter space-time

机译:在亚稳态de Sitter时空中生存

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摘要

In a metastable de Sitter space any object has a finite life expectancy beyond which it undergoes vacuum decay. However, by spreading into different parts of the universe which will fall out of causal contact of each other in future, a civilization can increase its collective life expectancy, defined as the average time after which the last settlement disappears due to vacuum decay. We study in detail the collective life expectancy of two comoving objects in de Sitter space as a function of the initial separation, the horizon radius and the vacuum decay rate. We find that even with a modest initial separation, the collective life expectancy can reach a value close to the maximum possible value of 1.5 times that of the individual object if the decay rate is less than 1% of the expansion rate. Our analysis can be generalized to any number of objects, general trajectories not necessarily at rest in the comoving coordinates and general FRW space-time. As part of our analysis we find that in the current state of the universe dominated by matter and cosmological constant, the vacuum decay rate is increasing as a function of time due to accelerated expansion of the volume of the past light cone. Present decay rate is about 3.7 times larger than the average decay rate in the past and the final decay rate in the cosmological constant dominated epoch will be about 56 times larger than the average decay rate in the past. This considerably weakens the lower bound on the half-life of our universe based on its current age.
机译:在亚稳态de Sitter空间中,任何物体都具有有限的预期寿命,超过该寿命它会经历真空衰减。但是,通过扩散到将来会因彼此之间因果关系而消失的宇宙的不同部分中,文明可以增加其集体预期寿命,该预期寿命是由于真空衰变而导致最后一次定居消失的平均时间。我们详细研究了de Sitter空间中两个同运动物体的集体预期寿命与初始间隔,视界半径和真空衰减率的关系。我们发现,即使初始分离程度适中,如果衰减率小于扩展率的1%,则预期寿命也可以达到接近单个对象最大可能值1.5倍的值。我们的分析可以推广到任何数量的对象,共同移动的坐标中不一定静止的一般轨迹和一般FRW时空。作为我们分析的一部分,我们发现,在当前由物质和宇宙常数控制的宇宙状态下,由于过去光锥体积的加速膨胀,真空衰减率随时间增加。当前的衰减率大约是过去平均衰减率的3.7倍,而在宇宙学常数主导的纪元中,最终的衰减率将是过去平均衰减率的约56倍。根据当前年龄,这大大削弱了我们宇宙半衰期的下限。

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